Self-Hosted Azure Devops Build Agent using Docker - AzureDevops 2019 and above - Docker in Docker

Problem Statement

AzureDevops (aka tfs/vsts) 2019 and latest is no longer providing a standard docker image to start build agents. Instead Microsoft is providing reference to bunch of scripts to get started. If you just need a simple build agent (even with docker), general documentation is good enough. But with bigger organizations who has requirement to run Self-Hosted agents in docker, facing several issues with that simple setup. 

Initial Reading: Microsoft Documentation - Running a self-hosted agent in Docker


Our Scenario:
  • Self-Hosted build agents
  • Using docker for pipeline
  • Need to utilize resources effectively (instead of setting up many VMs as build agents)
  • Need to run some automation testing (involves docker containers) in the pipeline
Issue:
  • Standard scripts provided by Microsoft cannot handle DIND (docker in docker)
  • docker-compose with volume mapping in dind is not working at all

Solution 

First we need to build an docker image to run build agents in docker environments.

Docker File

Following docker file consist of basic things required to have expected build capabilities with docker and docker-compose. Docker-compose going to use host docker environment to run more containers during build pipeline execution. For that to properly work it is important to have volume setup as below. This is the key to get docker-in-docker volume mapping working.

VOLUME /var/lib/docker
VOLUME /azp

From host we will be mapping some directory into above volumes. You can find that mapping later in this article in docker-compose file.

FROM ubuntu:latest
# To make it easier for build and release pipelines to run apt-get,
# configure apt to not require confirmation (assume the -y argument by default)
ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
RUN echo "APT::Get::Assume-Yes \"true\";" > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/90assumeyes
RUN apt-get update && \
    apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
        ca-certificates \
        curl \
        jq \
        git \
        iputils-ping \
        libcurl4 \
        libicu55 \
        libssl-dev \
        libunwind8 \
        netcat \
        docker-ce
RUN curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.25.5/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose && \
 chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

#setting up init script
WORKDIR /azpinit
COPY ./start.sh .
RUN chmod +x start.sh

#build agent work folder
WORKDIR /azp

#these are important to work with docker in docker (dind) volume mappings
VOLUME /var/lib/docker
VOLUME /azp

#Start script
CMD ["/azpinit/start.sh"]

Build Agent Initialize Script File (Start.sh)

We have slightly modified the file we copied from Microsoft standard documentation as follow.

#!/bin/bash
set -e
if [ -z "$AZP_ROOT" ]; then
  echo 1>&2 "error: missing AZP_ROOT environment variable"
  exit 1
fi

if [ -z "$AZP_URL" ]; then
  echo 1>&2 "error: missing AZP_URL environment variable"
  exit 1
fi

if [ -z "$AZP_TOKEN_FILE" ]; then
  if [ -z "$AZP_TOKEN" ]; then
    echo 1>&2 "error: missing AZP_TOKEN environment variable"
    exit 1
  fi
  AZP_TOKEN_FILE=/azp/.token
  echo -n $AZP_TOKEN > "$AZP_TOKEN_FILE"
fi

unset AZP_TOKEN
if [ -n "$AZP_WORK" ]; then
  mkdir -p "$AZP_WORK"
fi

#This is required if you are planning to run many build agents from once VM/Server
rm -rf "/$AZP_ROOT/agent"
mkdir "/$AZP_ROOT/agent"
cd "/$AZP_ROOT/agent"

export AGENT_ALLOW_RUNASROOT="1"
cleanup() {
  if [ -e config.sh ]; then
    print_header "Cleanup. Removing Azure Pipelines agent..."
    ./config.sh remove --unattended \
      --auth PAT \
      --token $(cat "$AZP_TOKEN_FILE")
  fi
}

print_header() {
  lightcyan='\033[1;36m'
  nocolor='\033[0m'
  echo -e "${lightcyan}$1${nocolor}"
}

# Let the agent ignore the token env variables
export VSO_AGENT_IGNORE=AZP_TOKEN_FILE,AZP_TOKEN
print_header "1. Determining matching Azure Pipelines agent..."
AZP_AGENT_RESPONSE=$(curl -LsS \
  -u user:$(cat "$AZP_TOKEN_FILE") \
  -H 'Accept:application/json;api-version=3.0-preview' \
  "$AZP_URL/_apis/distributedtask/packages/agent?platform=linux-x64")

if echo "$AZP_AGENT_RESPONSE" | jq . >/dev/null 2>&1; then
  AZP_AGENTPACKAGE_URL=$(echo "$AZP_AGENT_RESPONSE" \
    | jq -r '.value | map([.version.major,.version.minor,.version.patch,.downloadUrl]) | sort | .[length-1] | .[3]')
fi

if [ -z "$AZP_AGENTPACKAGE_URL" -o "$AZP_AGENTPACKAGE_URL" == "null" ]; then
  echo 1>&2 "error: could not determine a matching Azure Pipelines agent - check that account '$AZP_URL' is correct and the token is valid for that account"
  exit 1
fi

print_header "2. Downloading and installing Azure Pipelines agent..."
curl -LsS $AZP_AGENTPACKAGE_URL | tar -xz & wait $!
source ./env.sh
trap 'cleanup; exit 130' INT
trap 'cleanup; exit 143' TERM
print_header "3. Configuring Azure Pipelines agent..."
./config.sh --unattended \
  --agent "${AZP_AGENT_NAME:-$(hostname)}" \
  --url "$AZP_URL" \
  --auth PAT \
  --token $(cat "$AZP_TOKEN_FILE") \
  --pool "${AZP_POOL:-Default}" \
  --work "${AZP_WORK:-_work}" \
  --replace \
  --acceptTeeEula & wait $!
# remove the administrative token before accepting work
rm $AZP_TOKEN_FILE
print_header "4. Running Azure Pipelines agent..."
# `exec` the node runtime so it's aware of TERM and INT signals
# AgentService.js understands how to handle agent self-update and restart
exec ./externals/node/bin/node ./bin/AgentService.js interactive


Starting Build Agents Using Docker Compose

We have used a docker compose file to run build agents in docker as follow.
You can see how we mapped directories from host to the build agent get volume mapping working in docker-in-docker situation.
/azp01 mapped to build agent 1
/azp02 mapped to build agent 2
When builds are running in the docker build agents, it will create directories as below.
/azp01/agent/azp_work/1/s/yourprojectcode 
/azp02/agent/azp_work/1/s/yourprojectcode
It is also very important to map host docker.sock as a volume into the build agent container to get docker-in-docker working.
/var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock

version: '3.2'
services:
        agent01:
                image: vstsagent:latest
                environment:
                        - AZP_URL=https://yourazuredevops.url/tfs
                        - AZP_TOKEN=YOUT_PAT_HERE
                        - AZP_AGENT_NAME=MyBuildAgent-01
                        - AZP_POOL=Default
                        - AZP_ROOT=azp01
                        - AZP_WORK=azp_work
                stdin_open: true
                tty: true
                restart: always
                volumes:
                        - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock
                        - ./NuGet.config:/root/.nuget/NuGet:ro
                        - type: bind
                          source: /tmp/libdocker1
                          target: /var/lib/docker
                        - type: bind
                          source: /azp01
                          target: /azp01
        agent02:
                image: vstsagent:latest
                environment:
                        - AZP_URL=https://yourazuredevops.url/tfs
                        - AZP_TOKEN=YOUR_PAT_HERE
                        - AZP_AGENT_NAME=MyBuildAgent-02
                        - AZP_POOL=Default
                        - AZP_ROOT=azp02
                        - AZP_WORK=azp_work
                stdin_open: true
                tty: true
                restart: always
                volumes:
                        - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock
                        - type: bind
                          source: /tmp/libdocker2
                          target: /var/lib/docker
                        - type: bind
                          source: /azp02
                          target: /azp02    

Run a Pipeline with Docker Compose

With above setup now we can run some automation testing in our pipeline which uses docker-compose as below.

- task: DockerCompose@0
  displayName: 'Docker compose up'
  inputs:
    containerregistrytype: 'Container Registry'
    dockerRegistryEndpoint: 'your.container.registry.url'
    dockerComposeFile: 'Automation.docker-compose.yml'
    dockerComposeCommand: 'up -d'

As an example, our automation docker compose now can have volume mapping (even with dind) as below.

  ruby:
    image: ruby:2.5.5-alpine
    restart: "no"
    container_name: buildamcapitest
    volumes:
      - ./../../AcceptanceTest/:/acceptance_test/:rw
      - ./run-ruby-automation-tests.sh:/tmp/run-ruby-automation-tests.sh:ro
      - ./TestResult.xml:/tmp/TestResult.xml:rw
    depends_on:
      - api
      - auth
    command: ["/bin/sh", "./tmp/run-ruby-automation-tests.sh"]
    environment:
      - ENVIRONMENT=staging
      - AUTOMATION_API_HOST_NAME=myapicontainer
      - AUTOMATION_API_HOST_PORT=8080
      - AUTOMATION_AUTH_HOST_NAME=myauthcontainer
      - AUTOMATION_AUTH_HOST_PORT=8080
    networks:
      - automation



Hope this helps someone who is struggling with dind volume mapping for AzureDevOps build agents running in docker. 







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